In this quick guide, we will explore the essential elements of linking and time referencing in OET writing.
Linking and time referencing are highly significant in OET writing. They help the reader understand when events occurred and how they are connected. as well as guiding the reader through the patient’s story.
Let’s look at some examples.
In addition, the patient is able to mobilise unaided.
He was administered antibiotics in addition to IV fluids
He was administered antibiotics in addition to having IV fluids
He has had several chemotherapy sessions which have reduced tumour size. However, he is not yet in remission.
The chemotherapy has reduced tumour size, however, the patient is not yet in remission.
Remember to only use it when there is a genuine contrast expressed in the case notes.
Currently, he is able to mobilise with a walking frame.
He is currently able to mobilise with a walking frame.
Expressions like on admission, prior to the operation and after the operation are typically placed at the beginning of sentences followed by a comma. For example:
On admission, she was experiencing shortness of breath.
Prior to the operation, he was in significant pain.
Note that you can put these at the end of a sentence (without a comma) but it is signposts the time more clearly when you use it at the beginning of a sentence.
She was experiencing shortness of breath on admission.
He was in significant pain prior to the operation.
There are other linking expressions that you can use, however, make sure that you know how to use them correctly.
Despite the fact that (contrast)
This expression is followed by a clause (a complete sentence with a subject and a verb). For example,
He denies he is underweight despite the fact that he only weighs 51 kilograms.
Despite (contrast)
You can use despite followed by the -ing or noun form. For example,
He denies he is underweight despite weighing only 51 kilograms.
Her condition has not improved despite intensive treatment.
For which (cause/effect)
You can use for which to show cause or effect, for example when connecting a medication to a specific medical condition.
She presented with a UTI for which antibiotics were prescribed.
What to avoid
Remember to use the linking expressions that you’re confident with. For example, if you’re not confident in using despite, use but.
He denies that he is underweight but he only weighs 51 kilograms.
Avoid overly academic connectors like moreover and overly informal expressions like besides or so. These aren’t appropriate for OET letters.
Putting it into practice
Now let’s apply what we’ve learned. Read an extract from a sample letter and decide which linkers you would use to complete it. You’ll find the answers at the end of this article.
I’m writing regarding Mrs. Smith who was admitted to a hospital on 04/02/2023 with a fractured femur (1) _________ a fall. She underwent an open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) and is now ready to be discharged back into your care. (2) __________ the operation, Mrs. Smith was administered antibiotics and analgesics. Alternate staples have been removed and the wound is clean and dry. (3) __________ , the wound will need to be monitored to ensure it continues to heal. The remaining staples need to be removed on 12/02/2023 (4) __________ the wound can stay exposed. Paracetamol can be given for the pain as needed. (5) __________ , Mrs. Smith needs help mobilising. (6) __________ , she requires full assistance for her ADLs.
Using linking expressions correctly will improve the accuracy of your communication skills and help you excel in the OET writing test.
Have a look at our video where SLC’s OET Jo explains linking expressions:
For more comprehensive guidance on OET writing, including advanced strategies and in-depth techniques, why not enrol on an SLC preparation course?
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